Effects of Trigonelline Monohydrate on NAD+ Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability in Healthy Adults

What Was Tested

The trial (phase 1) is built around NAD+.

The primary objective is to assess the effect of trigonelline monohydrate supplementation on NAD+ metabolism by measuring the change from baseline in whole blood NAD+ concentrations after 4 weeks of supplementation.

It had six arms (groups): one (experimental), one (experimental), one (experimental), one (experimental) and one (active comparator).

The registry classes the interventions as dietary supplement and other.

More on the Plan

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vitamin B3-derived coenzyme that plays a central role in energy production, cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and other physiological processes.

Trigonelline is a naturally occurring alkaloid and methylated derivative of nicotinic acid that has been identified as a potential NAD+ precursor.

It has also been reported that trigonelline may influence mitochondrial function, muscle health, inflammation, and other metabolic processes.

Human clinical data on trigonelline supplementation, however, remain limited.

Who Took Part

60 planned participants were the target.

It was open to people of any sex aged from 40 years up to 70 years.

Healthy volunteers could join, not only people with the condition.

Examples of who could join: Adults who are 40 to 70 years of age (inclusive) at the time of signing the informed consent. Are able to consume study product capsules whole without chewing. Have suitable veins for repeated venipuncture. In otherwise good general health, as deemed by the investigator (based on a review of medical history, vital signs, laboratory safety tests, and physical examination if performed at screening). Have a BMI between 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m2 (inclusive) and weigh no less than 50.0 kg.

The full record lists 14 inclusion and 23 exclusion criteria; among the exclusions: have positive screening tests for drugs or cotinine screening; have positive alcohol breath test at screening; have high bp (≥140 systolic or ≥90 diastolic mmhg).

How the Study Was Run

It was run as a randomized, parallel-group and quadruple-blind study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got NAD+ and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

The NAD+ group and the comparison group ran side by side rather than switching.

Neither the participants nor the staff measuring them knew who was on NAD+, so expectations could not easily colour the readings.

Those kept unaware of assignments: participant, care provider, investigator and outcomes assessor.

It started in 2026-10 with completion listed for 2027-01.

It ran at 1 site in Canada.

Its stated primary purpose is basic science.

What Was Measured

Researchers chose this as the main measure: To assess the effect of TP daily supplementation on NAD metabolism, as measured by NAD+ concentrations in blood compared to placebo.

It also tracked 12 secondary outcomes, for example To assess the effects of TP on 24-hour urinary excretion of trigonelline and NAD-related metabolites compared to a comparator and placebo.

What This Means in Plain Language

Put simply, this is a phase 1, randomized trial of NAD+ in 60 people.

Its status is not yet recruiting; no results are posted to the registry yet, so nothing here describes outcomes.

More context: the NAD+ compound page, all human trials.