The influence of terfenadine and ipratropium bromide alone and in combination on bradykinin-induced nasal symptoms and plasma protein leakage

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial paper looks at Bradykinin.

To assess the relevance of histamine release from metachromatic cells and the activation of cholinergic pathways, the researchers investigated the effects of terfenadine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, and ipratroprium bromide, a selective antimuscarinic agent, on bradykinin induced rhinorrhoea, nasal airways resistance (NAR), nasal pain and plasma protein leakage.

Why It Was Studied

Nasal instillation of bradykinin elicits many of the characteristic features of rhinitis.

Thus subjects received either double-placebo, oral terfenadine and nasal placebo, oral placebo and nasal ipratopium bromide or oral terfenadine and nasal ipratropium bromide, as pretreatment.

Who Took Part

The age groups tagged for this paper are adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover.

Because people in this Bradykinin study were split into groups at random, differences between the groups are less likely to reflect who happened to join each one.

Blinding on both sides kept the participants and researchers unaware of who received Bradykinin.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with Bradykinin could be set against what happens without it.

In the crossover set-up each of the participants took both Bradykinin and the comparison in turn, acting as their own control.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Airway Resistance, Blood Proteins, Bradykinin, Ipratropium, Nasal Mucosa, Nasal Provocation Tests and Rhinitis.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Bradykinin.

The publication is from 1992 (Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology), a journal based in England.

More context: the Bradykinin compound page, all human trials.