Low iron status as a factor of increased bone resorption and effects of an iron and vitamin D-fortified skimmed milk on bone remodelling in young Spanish women.

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between iron status and bone metabolism, and to compare the effects of the consumption, as part of the usual diet, of an iron or iron and vitamin D-fortified skimmed milk on bone remodelling in iron-deficient women.

Who Took Part

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were teenagers, young adults and adults, women only.

Young healthy iron-deficient or iron-sufficient women (serum ferritin ≤30 ng/mL or >30 ng/mL, respectively) were recruited.

Iron-deficient women were assigned to a nutritional intervention consisting of a randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel design trial of 16 weeks during winter.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized, double-blind and parallel-group study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Blinding on both sides kept the participants and researchers unaware of who received Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Groups ran in parallel: each of the participants stayed in one arm throughout.

The iron-sufficient women followed their usual diet without supplementation (R group, n = 56).

Dietary intake, body weight, iron biomarkers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), procollagen-type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and aminoterminal telopeptide of collagen I (NTx) were determined.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Bone Remodeling, Bone Resorption, Collagen Type I, Diet, Ferritins, Food, Fortified and Iron.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and parallel-group study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 6 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2014 (European journal of nutrition), a journal based in Germany.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.