Randomized controlled trial of the effects of vitamin D–fortified milk and bread on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in families in Denmark during winter: the VitmaD study.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as a randomized controlled trial.

Vitamin D intakes are lower than dietary recommendations in most populations, and thus, a low vitamin D status is widespread, especially during winter.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 782 children were involved.

The age groups tagged for this paper are young children, children, teenagers, young adults, adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.

The study was a randomized controlled trial in 782 children and adults (4-60 y old) recruited as 201 families.

The milk and bread replaced the participants' usual consumptions of products.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Families were randomly assigned to vitamin D-fortified or nonfortified milk and bread for 6 mo starting in September.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Bread, Denmark, Diet, Dietary Supplements, Food, Fortified, Milk and Nutrition Assessment.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 782 children.

With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 5 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2013 (The American journal of clinical nutrition), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.