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Effect of vitamin D on musculoskeletal pain and headache: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among adult ethnic minorities in Norway.
Plain-language guide to PMID 25261164 (2014): double-blind randomized controlled trial of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 251 participants.
Key Facts
- PMID
- 25261164
- Journal
- Pain
- Year
- 2014
- Study type
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors
- Knutsen KV et al. (7 authors)
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.024
What This Study Did, in Plain Language
What Was Tested
Researchers studied Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in this randomized controlled trial publication.
Immigrants from South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa living in Northern Europe frequently have low vitamin D levels and more pain compared to the native Western population.
The pain measures were occurrence, anatomical localization, and degree of musculoskeletal pain, as measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) score during the past 2 weeks.
Who Took Part
The abstract describes 251 participants taking part.
By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were teenagers, young adults, adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.
How the Study Was Run
In design terms this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and parallel-group study.
Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.
Blinding on both sides kept the participants and researchers unaware of who received Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.
Some participants received a placebo instead of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, giving a reference point.
Groups ran in parallel: each of the participants stayed in one arm throughout.
Headache was measured with VAS and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) questionnaire.
What Was Measured
Immigrants from South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa living in Northern Europe frequently have low vitamin D levels and more pain compared to the native Western population.
The pain measures were occurrence, anatomical localization, and degree of musculoskeletal pain, as measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) score during the past 2 weeks.
The subject headings attached to it are Ethnicity, Headache, Musculoskeletal Pain, Norway, Pain Measurement and Vitamin D.
The authors tagged it with the keywords HIT-6, Randomized controlled trial and Visual analogue scale.
What This Means in Plain Language
The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 251 participants.
The publication is from 2014 (Pain), a journal based in United States.
More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.
Our Notes on the Compound
Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc: Magnesium is described as required for AMPK to function.
Related Pages
Source: PubMed record. This explanation is written by PeptideWhiz from the public record. For research and education only. Not medical advice; no dosing information is given.