A high-glycemic index, low-fiber breakfast affects the postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and ghrelin responses of patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized clinical trial

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial paper looks at Ghrelin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 breakfasts with a different GI and amount of fiber on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and appetite in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A visual analog scale was used to assess appetite.

Who Took Part

The study group was 14 patients.

PubMed indexes the participants as middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized and crossover.

The patients were allocated by chance, so the Ghrelin group and the comparison group should start out alike.

In the crossover set-up each of the patients took both Ghrelin and the comparison in turn, acting as their own control.

Plasma glucose, insulin, and total ghrelin were evaluated postprandially (0-180 min).

Data are reported as means ± SDs.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Appetite, Blood Glucose, Breakfast, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fiber, Ghrelin and Glycemic Index.

The authors tagged it with the keywords plasma ghrelin and plasma glucose.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized and crossover study of Ghrelin in 14 patients.

With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 7 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2015 (The Journal of nutrition), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Ghrelin compound page, all human trials.