Postprandial effects of a polyphenolic grape extract (PGE) supplement on appetite and food intake: a randomised dose-comparison trial.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Copper (Supplement), published as a randomized controlled trial.

There is recent evidence that glucose delivered to the distal small intestine (SI) may stimulate the ileal brake and inhibit appetite.

It is hypothesised to slow digestion and absorption of starch in the proximal SI such that glucose may be delivered distally into the ileum and suppress appetite.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as teenagers, young adults, adults and middle-aged adults, men only.

Twenty healthy, non-obese (BMI 18-28 kg/m(2)) male volunteers participated in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, three arm, cross-over study.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover.

The participants were allocated by chance, so the Copper (Supplement) group and the comparison group should start out alike.

As a double-blind Copper (Supplement) study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with Copper (Supplement) could be set against what happens without it.

Each person switched between Copper (Supplement) and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

Outcome variables were feelings of hunger, fullness, prospective thoughts of food (TOF) and satisfaction assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS); and ad lib energy and macronutrient intake at the lunch meal.

What Was Measured

There is recent evidence that glucose delivered to the distal small intestine (SI) may stimulate the ileal brake and inhibit appetite.

The subject headings attached to it are Appetite, Body Mass Index, Breakfast, Dietary Supplements, Energy Intake, Healthy Volunteers and Hunger.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Copper (Supplement).

Its findings take up roughly 5 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2015 (Nutrition journal), a journal based in England.

More context: the Copper (Supplement) compound page, all human trials.