Cholecystokinin-Induced Gallbladder Emptying and Metformin Elicit Additive Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Responses

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Cholecystokinin (CCK), published as a randomized controlled trial.

The researchers hypothesized that cholecystokinin (CCK)-8-induced gallbladder emptying stimulates human GLP-1 secretion and that metformin would potentiate this effect.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as young adults and adults, men only.

Ten healthy male subjects with no family history of diabetes (age, 22 [range, 20-32] years; body mass index, 21.7 [19.3-24.2] kg/m(2); fasting plasma glucose, 4.9 [4.7-5.3] mm; and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, 5.1 [4.4-5.8] %).

On 4 separate days, the subjects received metformin or placebo and a concomitant 60-minute intravenous infusion of saline or CCK.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled.

Because people in this Cholecystokinin (CCK) study were split into groups at random, differences between the groups are less likely to reflect who happened to join each one.

As a double-blind Cholecystokinin (CCK) study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

Some participants received a placebo instead of Cholecystokinin (CCK), giving a reference point.

The study was conducted at a specialized research unit.

Blood was sampled for 4 hours, and gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasound.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Cholecystokinin, Gallbladder, Gallbladder Emptying, Gastrins and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Cholecystokinin (CCK).

Results are reported in around 5 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2016 (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Cholecystokinin (CCK) compound page, all human trials.