Short-term effects of a green coffee extract-, Garcinia c ambogia- and L-carnitine-containing chewing gum on snack intake and appetite regulation

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial paper looks at L-Carnitine.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of chewing gum on satiety, food hedonics and snack intake and to explore the potential effects of the combination of Garcinia c ambogia, green coffee extract and L-carnitine on satiety, when administered in a gum format.

Who Took Part

The abstract describes 57 subjects taking part.

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were adults, both men and women.

This was a prospective study in which 57 subjects randomly received three kinds of treatments, in a crossover design: (1) active gum; (2) placebo gum; and (3) no gum.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got L-Carnitine and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Blinding on both sides kept the subjects and researchers unaware of who received L-Carnitine.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with L-Carnitine could be set against what happens without it.

Each person switched between L-Carnitine and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

Food preferences and appetite sensations were evaluated by means of the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and visual analog scales.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Appetite Depressants, Appetite Regulation, Argentina, Body Mass Index, Carnitine, Chewing Gum and Coffea.

The authors tagged it with the keywords Garcinia c ambogia, Green coffee, L-Carnitine and Satiety.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of L-Carnitine in 57 subjects.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 4 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2018 (European journal of nutrition), a journal based in Germany.

More context: the L-Carnitine compound page, all human trials.