The Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Incident Frailty in Older Women: The Role of Cardiometabolic Diseases.

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in this observational study publication.

However, cardiometabolic factors are related to both conditions and may confound and/or mediate the vitamin D-frailty association.

The researchers aimed to determine the association of vitamin D concentration with incidence of frailty, and the role of cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) in this relationship.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as older adults, women only.

Three hundred sixty-nine women from the Women's Health and Aging Study II aged 70-79 years, free of frailty at baseline.

Frailty incidence was determined based on presence of three or more criteria: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weakness, and slowness.

How the Study Was Run

Prospective longitudinal cohort study (7 visits from 1994-2008).

Serum circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration was assessed at baseline and categorized as: <10; 10-19.9; 20-29.9; and ≥30 ng/mL.

Cardiometabolic diseases were ascertained at baseline.

Analyses included Cox regression models adjusted for key covariates.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Frail Elderly, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension and Incidence.

Author keywords: aging, cardiometabolic diseases, frailty and vitamin D.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is an observational study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Its findings take up roughly 6 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2017 (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.