The influence of genetic susceptibility and calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on fracture risk.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as a randomized controlled trial.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified multiple bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture-associated loci.Objective: the researchers conducted a study to evaluate whether fracture genetic risk score (Fx-GRS) and bone mineral density genetic risk score (BMD-GRS) modify the association between the intake of calcium with vitamin D (CaD) and fracture risk.Design: Data from 5823 white postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative CaD randomized trial were included.

The researchers used Cox regression and a case-only approach to test for multiplicative interaction.

Why It Was Studied

Background: Fracture is a complex trait, affected by both genetic and environmental factors.

Total fracture was defined as first fracture of any type.

Who Took Part

The abstract describes 5823 women taking part.

The age groups tagged for this paper are middle-aged adults and older adults, women only.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized and placebo-controlled study.

The women were allocated by chance, so the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc group and the comparison group should start out alike.

Some women received a placebo instead of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, giving a reference point.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Calcium, Calcium, Dietary, Cholecalciferol, Dietary Supplements and Fractures, Bone.

The authors tagged it with the keywords bone mineral density, genetic risk score, postmenopausal women and vitamin D.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized and placebo-controlled study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 5823 women.

With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.

The publication is from 2017 (The American journal of clinical nutrition), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.