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Effects of Substitution, and Adding of Carbohydrate and Fat to Whey-Protein on Energy Intake, Appetite, Gastric Emptying, Glucose, Insulin, Ghrelin, CCK and GLP-1 in Healthy Older Men-A Randomized Controlled Trial
Plain-language guide to PMID 29360778 (2018): double-blind randomized controlled trial study of Ghrelin in 13 men.
Key Facts
- PMID
- 29360778
- Journal
- Nutrients
- Year
- 2018
- Study type
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors
- Giezenaar C et al. (9 authors)
- DOI
- 10.3390/nu10020113
What This Study Did, in Plain Language
What Was Tested
Researchers studied Ghrelin in this randomized controlled trial publication.
The aim was to determine the effects of substitution, and adding of carbohydrate and fat to whey protein, on ad libitum energy intake from a buffet meal (180-210 min), gastric emptying (3D-ultrasonography), plasma gut hormone concentrations (0-180 min) and appetite (visual analogue scales), in healthy older men.
Why It Was Studied
Protein-rich supplements are used widely for the management of malnutrition in the elderly.
The researchers reported previously that the suppression of energy intake by whey protein is less in older than younger adults.
Who Took Part
The study group was 13 men.
The age groups tagged for this paper are older adults, men only.
How the Study Was Run
The design is described as randomized, double-blind and crossover.
Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Ghrelin and who got the comparison, which limits bias.
As a double-blind Ghrelin study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.
In the crossover set-up each of the men took both Ghrelin and the comparison in turn, acting as their own control.
What Was Measured
Topics PubMed links to this paper include Appetite, Blood Glucose, Cholecystokinin, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Intake and Gastric Emptying.
The authors tagged it with the keywords aging, gut hormones and whey protein.
What This Means in Plain Language
The paper is a randomized, double-blind and crossover study of Ghrelin in 13 men.
With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.
The publication is from 2018 (Nutrients), a journal based in Switzerland.
More context: the Ghrelin compound page, all human trials.
Our Notes on the Compound
Ghrelin: A 28-amino-acid stomach hormone that signals hunger and triggers growth hormone release; studied in human trials as an infusion.
Related Pages
Source: PubMed record. This explanation is written by PeptideWhiz from the public record. For research and education only. Not medical advice; no dosing information is given.