Effects of vitamin D and calcium on expression of MSH2 and transforming growth factors in normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients: A randomized clinical trial.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as a randomized controlled trial.

Abnormal expression of the DNA mismatch repair protein MSH2 and autocrine/paracrine transforming growth factors TGFα (growth promoter) and TGFβ1 (growth inhibitor) is common during colorectal carcinogenesis.

The expression of the three biomarkers and Ki-67/mib-1 in colorectal crypts in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa were detected using automated immunohistochemistry and quantified using image analysis.

Who Took Part

The age groups tagged for this paper are middle-aged adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and pilot study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

As a double-blind Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc could be set against what happens without it.

It is described as a pilot, a small early test of whether a larger Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study would be practical.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Adenoma, Biomarkers, Tumor, Calcium, Case-Control Studies, Colon, Colorectal Neoplasms and Dietary Supplements.

Author keywords: DNA mismatch repair, TGFα, TGFβ1, biological markers, chemoprevention and clinical trial.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

The publication is from 2019 (Molecular carcinogenesis), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.