A Vitamin D, Calcium and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement Improves Measures of Bone Health in Sarcopenic Non-Malnourished Older Adults: The PROVIDE Study.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and Copper (Supplement), published as a randomized controlled trial.

Alterations in musculoskeletal health with advanced age contribute to sarcopenia and decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength.

This decline may be modifiable via dietary supplementation.

Who Took Part

The age groups tagged for this paper are middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter and parallel-group study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Neither the participants nor the staff measuring them knew who was on Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, so expectations could not easily colour the readings.

More than one site took part, so the participants came from several places.

Groups ran in parallel: each of the participants stayed in one arm throughout.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Aging, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Calcium, Dietary Supplements, Leucine and Muscle Strength.

The authors tagged it with the keywords BMD, Bone turnover, Intervention, PROVIDE Study and Vitamin D.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and multicenter study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and Copper (Supplement).

The publication is from 2019 (Calcified tissue international), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page and the Copper (Supplement) compound page, all human trials.