Nicotine Dependence in Dual Users of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Common and Distinct Elements.

What Was Tested

This observational study looks at Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).

Adult dual users (N = 404) completed baseline cigarette and ENDS versions of the NDSS, WISDM, and FTND, and biweekly surveys of their smoking and vaping.

Analyses included bifactor modeling, which helps to identify both a general and product-specific factor for each item, and exploratory factor analyses of the combined cigarette and ENDS NDSS items and examinations of concurrent and predictive validity.

Why It Was Studied

In a sample of dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), the researchers evaluated psychometric properties of ENDS versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).

Using the NDSS, the researchers tested the hypothesis that there would be one common underlying factor of dependence across the cigarette and ENDS scales and other product-specific factors.

Who Took Part

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were adults, both men and women.

What Was Measured

In a sample of dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), the researchers evaluated psychometric properties of ENDS versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).

Using the NDSS, the researchers tested the hypothesis that there would be one common underlying factor of dependence across the cigarette and ENDS scales and other product-specific factors.

PubMed files the paper under topics including Cigarette Smoking, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Illinois, Longitudinal Studies, Nicotine, Surveys and Questionnaires and Tobacco Use Disorder.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is an observational study of Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).

Its findings take up roughly 8 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2021 (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco), a journal based in England.

More context: the Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide) compound page, all human trials.