Appetite-Regulating Hormones Are Reduced After Oral Sucrose vs Glucose: Influence of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Sex

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Ghrelin in the context of insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes in this randomized controlled trial publication.

The researchers investigated how oral sucrose vs glucose affected appetite-regulating hormones, and how biological factors (body mass index [BMI], insulin sensitivity, sex) influence endocrine responses to these 2 types of sugar.

Interaction models were performed, and results were stratified to assess how biological factors influence endocrine responses.

Why It Was Studied

Fructose compared to glucose has adverse effects on metabolic function, but endocrine responses to oral sucrose vs glucose is not well understood.

Who Took Part

The abstract describes 29 men taking part.

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were teenagers, young adults and adults, both men and women.

Sixty-nine adults (29 men; 23.22 ± 3.74 years; BMI 27.03 ± 4.96 kg/m2) completed the study.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Ghrelin and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Blood was sampled at baseline, 10, 35, and 120 minutes post drink for plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)(7-36), peptide YY (PYY)total, and acyl-ghrelin measures.

Hormone levels were compared between conditions using a linear mixed model.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Appetite, Appetite Regulation, Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, Down-Regulation, Eating and Ghrelin.

Author keywords: insulin resistance, obesity, periphery, sex and sucrose.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized study of Ghrelin in 29 men in people with insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes.

With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.

Results are reported in around 4 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2021 (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Ghrelin compound page, Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes research.