Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

What It Covers

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as a meta-analysis.

The study intended to assess the pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

The inverse variance (I2) test was used to evaluate the presence of heterogeneity across the included studies.

Funnel plot symmetry, Begg's and Egger's tests were used to evaluate the existence of publication bias.

Why It Was Studied

PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct and the Worldwide Science database were searched from their inception to 31 January 2023.

Who the Included Studies Covered

PubMed tags the participants as both men and women.

How the Review Was Done

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were employed to plan and conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel.

To identify the possible source of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was carried out.

All statistical analyses were carried out with STATA V.14 software.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Albuminuria, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemias, Retinal Diseases and Vitamin D Deficiency.

The authors tagged it with the keywords calcium & bone, diabetes & endocrinology and general diabetes.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a meta-analysis of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Results are reported in around 6 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2023 (BMJ open), a journal based in England.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.