Combination SGLT2 Inhibitor and Glucagon Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Glucagon in this randomized controlled trial publication.

To examine the effects of insulin-adjunctive therapy with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA) on glycemia, insulin use, and ketogenesis during insulinopenia in type 1 diabetes.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 12 adults were involved.

PubMed indexes the participants as adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study.

The adults were allocated by chance, so the Glucagon group and the comparison group should start out alike.

As a double-blind Glucagon study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with Glucagon could be set against what happens without it.

Each person switched between Glucagon and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Blood Glucose, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Receptors, Glucagon and Benzhydryl Compounds.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Glucagon in 12 adults.

With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 6 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2025 (Diabetes care), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Glucagon compound page, all human trials.