Regulation of proglucagon derived peptides by carbohydrate and protein ingestion in young healthy males-A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Glucagon in this randomized controlled trial publication.

The ingestion of macronutrients triggers the release of several incretin peptides from the gastrointestinal system, which have both insulinotropic and satiety-inducing properties.

The researchers aimed to examine the effect of a meal's macronutrient content, specifically its protein versus carbohydrate content, on postprandial PGDPs responses in healthy men.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as young adults and adults, men only.

Ten apparently healthy, normal-weight males completed a trial consisting of two interventions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

Levels of all seven PGDPs, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2), oxyntomodulin, glicentin, major pro-glucagon fragment (MPGF), glucagon and proglucagon, as well as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/gastric inhibitory polypeptide total and total plus (GIP total and GIP total plus) levels were measured at baseline, every 15 minutes for the first hour and every 30 minutes for the second and third hours after each meal.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized, double-blind and crossover study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Glucagon and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Neither the participants nor the staff measuring them knew who was on Glucagon, so expectations could not easily colour the readings.

Each person switched between Glucagon and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Dietary Carbohydrates, Postprandial Period, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Dietary Proteins, Proglucagon, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide and Glucagon.

Author keywords: GLP-1 and MPGF.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and crossover study of Glucagon.

Results are reported in around 6 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2025 (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)), a journal based in England.

More context: the Glucagon compound page, all human trials.