A 4-year follow-up of root canal obturation using a calcium silicate-based sealer and a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer: A randomized clinical trial.

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

This randomized clinical trial assessed the outcomes of nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT), comparing a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSBS) with the single-cone technique (SC) with a zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) sealer and warm vertical compaction (WVC).

Who Took Part

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.

Standardized instrumentation and disinfection protocols were followed.

Outcomes considered included success rate (under strict and loose criteria), extraction, length of filling, voids, and extrusion rate, as well as changes in PAI score from baseline.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized study.

The participants were allocated by chance, so the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc group and the comparison group should start out alike.

Ninety-two single- and multi-rooted teeth were divided into two groups and treated using either the SC with BioRoot™ RCS (BIO) or WVC with Pulp Canal Sealer™ EWT (PCS).

Teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) in both groups were further divided into BIOAP and PCSAP subgroups.

Periapical index (PAI) was recorded, and clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Silicates, Calcium Compounds, Root Canal Filling Materials, Root Canal Obturation, Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement and Periapical Periodontitis.

The authors tagged it with the keywords bioactive sealers, calcium silicate‐based sealers, endodontic outcome and single cone technique.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Its findings take up roughly 6 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2025 (International endodontic journal), a journal based in England.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.