The effectiveness of vitamin D as an alternative to FDA-approved treatment and other therapies for managing vulvovaginal atrophy and sexual inactivity in postmenopausal women. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

What It Covers

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as a meta-analysis.

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and sexual inactivity (SI) are prevalent among postmenopausal women (PMW).

However, vaginal hormonal therapies are unavailable in all countries, particularly developing countries such as the middle east, and there are no studies that have tested these therapies in women either with a history of breast cancer or those taking endocrine therapies for their cancer.

Who the Included Studies Covered

PubMed indexes the participants as middle-aged adults, women only.

How the Review Was Done

The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used the vaginal maturation index (VMI) and vaginal pH to measure VVA and vaginal dryness and the female sexual function index (FSFI) to measure SI were included in the meta-analysis.

What Was Measured

However, vaginal hormonal therapies are unavailable in all countries, particularly developing countries such as the middle east, and there are no studies that have tested these therapies in women either with a history of breast cancer or those taking endocrine therapies for their cancer.

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Postmenopause, Vitamin D, Atrophy, Vagina, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Vulva and Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological.

Author keywords: dyspareunia and vulvovaginal atrophy.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a meta-analysis of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Its findings take up roughly 8 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2025 (International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.