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Effects of cocoa extract supplementation and multivitamin/multimineral supplements on self-reported fractures in the Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamins Outcomes Study randomized clinical trial.
Plain-language guide to PMID 39964350 (2025): randomized controlled trial of Copper (Supplement) in 21,442 participants.
Key Facts
- PMID
- 39964350
- Journal
- Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
- Year
- 2025
- Study type
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors
- Crandall CJ et al. (9 authors)
- DOI
- 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf030
What This Study Did, in Plain Language
What Was Tested
This randomized controlled trial looks at Copper (Supplement).
The researchers conducted an ancillary study to Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS; NCT05232669) designed to investigate incident fracture and injurious falls in 21 442 COSMOS participants (12 666 females aged ≥65 yr and 8776 males aged ≥60 yr) randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to 1 of 4 intervention groups: cocoa extract + MVM, cocoa extract + MVM placebo, cocoa extract placebo + MVM, or double placebo.
Why It Was Studied
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem among older adults.
Forty percent of older US adults take multivitamin/multimineral (MVM) supplementation.
Who Took Part
The abstract describes 21,442 participants taking part.
PubMed indexes the participants as middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.
How the Study Was Run
In design terms this was a randomized and placebo-controlled study.
The participants were allocated by chance, so the Copper (Supplement) group and the comparison group should start out alike.
A placebo (an inactive look-alike) gave the Copper (Supplement) group a baseline to be compared against.
What Was Measured
PubMed files the paper under topics including Dietary Supplements, Fractures, Bone, Vitamins, Cacao, Plant Extracts, Self Report and Minerals.
The authors tagged it with the keywords clinical trial, cocoa, cosmos, flavanol, multivitamin and osteoporosis.
What This Means in Plain Language
The paper is a randomized and placebo-controlled study of Copper (Supplement) in 21,442 participants.
With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.
The publication is from 2025 (Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research), a journal based in England.
More context: the Copper (Supplement) compound page, all human trials.
Our Notes on the Compound
Copper (Supplement): The active site of cytochrome c oxidase is described as containing copper ions that are essential for electron transfer.
Related Pages
Source: PubMed record. This explanation is written by PeptideWhiz from the public record. For research and education only. Not medical advice; no dosing information is given.