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Switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes does not impact acute responses to intravenous nicotine.
Plain-language guide to PMID 40010441 (2025): randomized controlled trial of Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).
Key Facts
- PMID
- 40010441
- Journal
- Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
- Year
- 2025
- Study type
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Authors
- Wolkowicz NR et al. (4 authors)
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbb.2025.173985
What This Study Did, in Plain Language
What Was Tested
This randomized controlled trial looks at Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).
The researchers assessed changes in subjective drug effects, smoking urges, withdrawal severity, heart rate, and performance on the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) (primary outcomes); as well as nicotine biomarker blood levels (ng/ml) of nicotine, cotinine, and nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; hydroxycotinine/cotinine), and cigarette consumption (secondary outcomes).
Why It Was Studied
Limited research exists on how switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes affects the acute response to nicotine for individuals who smoke menthol cigarettes.
Who Took Part
PubMed indexes the participants as young adults and adults, both men and women.
During week 2 of each phase, an experimental session was held.
Following the first session, participants crossed over to the other smoking condition.
How the Study Was Run
The design is described as randomized.
Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide) and who got the comparison, which limits bias.
Each infusion period lasted 10 min, with saline administered for the remainder of the time after the 2.5- and 5-min nicotine infusions.
What Was Measured
PubMed files the paper under topics including Nicotine, Menthol, Tobacco Products, Cotinine, Heart Rate, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome and Cigarette Smoking.
The authors tagged it with the keywords IV and Intravenous nicotine.
What This Means in Plain Language
The paper is a randomized study of Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).
Its findings take up roughly 4 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.
The publication is from 2025 (Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior), a journal based in United States.
More context: the Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide) compound page, all human trials.
Our Notes on the Compound
Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide): Pure nicotine as a signaling tool, separated from smoking and vaping.
Related Pages
Source: PubMed record. This explanation is written by PeptideWhiz from the public record. For research and education only. Not medical advice; no dosing information is given.