Impact of almond milk fortified with vitamin D3-loaded soy protein nanoparticles on serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in adults with CKD: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial.

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in this randomized controlled trial publication.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs the activation of vitamin D, leading to deficiencies that exacerbate disease progression and metabolic complications.

This pilot study investigated the effects of consuming almond milk fortified with vitamin D3 nanoparticles on 25(OH)D3 among adults with advanced stages of CKD.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as adults, middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized, double-blind and pilot study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

Neither the participants nor the staff measuring them knew who was on Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, so expectations could not easily colour the readings.

It is described as a pilot, a small early test of whether a larger Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study would be practical.

A 21-day, double-blind randomized controlled pilot study was conducted.

The primary outcome was the change in serum 25(OH)D3 levels, while secondary outcomes included changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Biomarkers, Calcifediol, Calcium, Cholecalciferol, Food, Fortified, Nanoparticles and Parathyroid Hormone.

The authors tagged it with the keywords Almond Milk, Chronic Kidney Disease and Vitamin D.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and pilot study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 6 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2025 (Journal of nephrology), a journal based in England.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.