Phosphate concentration is exceptionally high in seminal fluid and is linked with semen quality but not influenced by vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 307 men were involved.

The age groups tagged for this paper are adults, men only.

Change in SF phosphate was a predefined secondary endpoint while effect on semen parameters was the primary endpoint.

How the Study Was Run

The design is described as randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled.

The men were allocated by chance, so the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc group and the comparison group should start out alike.

As a double-blind Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

The comparison arm used a placebo, so changes seen with Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc could be set against what happens without it.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Semen, Semen Analysis, Dietary Supplements, Phosphates, Calcium, Vitamin D and Infertility, Male.

Author keywords: semen quality and seminal fluid.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 307 men.

With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.

Its findings take up roughly 5 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2025 (European journal of endocrinology), a journal based in England.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.