A systematic review and meta-analysis on gene-environment interaction effects on the associations of vitamin D and sun exposure with multiple sclerosis risk.

What It Covers

Researchers studied Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in the context of multiple sclerosis in this meta-analysis publication.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including low vitamin D and sun exposure.

However, whether these interact with genetic loci is unclear.

Who the Included Studies Covered

Environmental and genetic exposure and other relevant data were extracted and additive interaction statistics including four-level interactions, synergy index (SI), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) were meta-analysed for comparable studies.

All included studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias using recommended checklists.

How the Review Was Done

The researchers searched relevant databases including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science from conception until 8 June 2024.

The researchers included observational studies assessing GxE related to vitamin D and/or sun exposure with MS risk.

What Was Measured

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies on vitamin D and sun exposure in MS risk.

PubMed files the paper under topics including Multiple Sclerosis, Vitamin D, Gene-Environment Interaction and Sunlight.

Author keywords: Sun exposure.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a meta-analysis of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in people with multiple sclerosis.

Results are reported in around 8 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2025 (Multiple sclerosis and related disorders), a journal based in Netherlands.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, Multiple sclerosis research.