A Novel Honey Powder-Based Supplement Containing Carbohydrate and Protein Did Not Improve Endurance Performance in Recreationally Trained Cyclists.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Copper (Supplement), published as a randomized controlled trial.

This study investigated the effect of a novel carbohydrate + protein honey powder (HP) product on endurance cycling performance and physiological and perceptual responses using a double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled (PLA) design.

Blood glucose, lactate, pH, bicarbonate, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and side effects were analyzed throughout the 100-min cycling protocol and the 20-min TT.

Who Took Part

The age groups tagged for this paper are young adults and adults, men only.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Copper (Supplement) and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

As a double-blind Copper (Supplement) study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

A placebo (an inactive look-alike) gave the Copper (Supplement) group a baseline to be compared against.

Each person switched between Copper (Supplement) and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Bicycling, Dietary Supplements, Physical Endurance, Dietary Carbohydrates, Blood Glucose, Lactic Acid and Athletic Performance.

Author keywords: cycling time trial, dried honey, in vivo testing, plant protein and spray drying.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Copper (Supplement).

The publication is from 2025 (International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Copper (Supplement) compound page, all human trials.