Relationship of vitamin D, fibrinogen and their ratio with acute coronary syndrome: A comparative analysis of unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc, published as an observational study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D, fibrinogen, and their ratio with ACS types, and assess their potential as risk stratification biomarkers.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 300 patients were involved.

The age groups tagged for this paper are middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

This multicenter observational study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan, Egypt, and Pakistan, including 300 ACS patients.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a multicenter study.

Running at several centres spread the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study over different clinics and patient groups.

Serum vitamin D and fibrinogen levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and the Clauss method, respectively.

Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, post-hoc Games-Howell tests, Spearman's correlation, Fisher's Z-test, and multivariable logistic regression.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Vitamin D, Fibrinogen, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Biomarkers, Angina, Unstable, Acute Coronary Syndrome and Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a multicenter study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 300 patients.

With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 5 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2025 (PloS one), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.