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Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse neurological outcomes in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective observational cohort study.
Plain-language guide to PMID 41189262 (2025): observational study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 3 patients.
Key Facts
- PMID
- 41189262
- Journal
- Medicine
- Year
- 2025
- Study type
- Observational Study
- Authors
- Mahmoodkhani M et al. (5 authors)
- DOI
- 10.1097/MD.0000000000045202
What This Study Did, in Plain Language
What Was Tested
This observational study looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.
Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with neuroinflammation and neurocognitive defects.
The present study investigated the relationship between the serum level of vitamin D and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, nosocomial infection, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score during hospitalization, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 3 months in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Who Took Part
The abstract describes 3 patients taking part.
PubMed indexes the participants as adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.
Three hundred patients with a mean age of 34.98 ± 14.75 years were included.
How the Study Was Run
Serum vitamin D level (25-hydroxyvitamin D) was measured on admission and repeated 7 days after admission, as well as at the 3-month follow-up visit after admission.
What Was Measured
The present study investigated the relationship between the serum level of vitamin D and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, nosocomial infection, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score during hospitalization, and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 3 months in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The primary outcome was GOSE at 3 months after admission, and secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay, nosocomial infection, and APACHE II scores.
PubMed files the paper under topics including Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Vitamin D Deficiency, Vitamin D, Glasgow Outcome Scale, APACHE, Length of Stay and Intensive Care Units.
Author keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, GOSE, TBI and traumatic brain injuries.
What This Means in Plain Language
This is an observational study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 3 patients.
With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.
The publication is from 2025 (Medicine), a journal based in United States.
More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.
Our Notes on the Compound
Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc: Magnesium is described as required for AMPK to function.
Related Pages
Source: PubMed record. This explanation is written by PeptideWhiz from the public record. For research and education only. Not medical advice; no dosing information is given.