Gastrointestinal side effects of the non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

What It Covers

The paper reports a study of Tesofensine (non-peptide) and Nootropic adjuncts (non-peptide), published as a meta-analysis.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, commonly prescribed for diabetes mellitus and weight loss, often cause gastrointestinal side effects in both their oral and injectable forms.

Recently, oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists like danuglipron and orforglipron, which are smaller and more stable, have been investigated.

How the Review Was Done

The researchers performed a systematic review of the literature databases like PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov until November 2023.

Analysis was done using RevMan v5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark).

What Was Measured

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, commonly prescribed for diabetes mellitus and weight loss, often cause gastrointestinal side effects in both their oral and injectable forms.

This study analyzes the gastrointestinal side effects of these newer, smaller molecules.

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hypoglycemic Agents and Nausea.

The authors tagged it with the keywords GLP-1 receptor agonists, danuglipron, gastrointestinal side effects, obesity, orforglipron and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a meta-analysis of Tesofensine (non-peptide) and Nootropic adjuncts (non-peptide).

Its findings take up roughly 8 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2025 (Medicine), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Tesofensine (non-peptide) compound page and the Nootropic adjuncts (non-peptide) compound page, all human trials.