Adverse symptoms attributed to e-cigarettes over 6 months among participants of a randomized controlled trial testing nicotine free-base e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: secondary analysis of the ESTxENDS trial.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide), published as a randomized controlled trial.

People smoking tobacco cigarettes and switching to e-cigarettes report adverse symptoms attributed to e-cigarettes.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as adults and middle-aged adults, both men and women.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide) and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

They received e-cigarettes, freebase nicotine e-liquids and smoking cessation counseling, phone follow-up at 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-week, and a visit at 6 months after target quit date.

A set of predefined adverse symptoms experienced while vaping or smoking were systematically assessed at each contact.

The researchers used descriptive statistics and mixed models to report proportion of symptoms over time in exclusive e-cigarette users.

The researchers assessed the effect of symptoms on smoking re-initiation and the effect of duration of exclusive e-cigarette use on the resolution of symptoms in marginal structural models.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Smoking Cessation, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Vaping.

Author keywords: ENDS, e-cigarettes and symptoms.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized study of Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide).

Its findings take up roughly 9 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2026 (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco), a journal based in England.

More context: the Therapeutic nicotine (patch, non-peptide) compound page, all human trials.