One Patient, Two Knees, No Difference: Magnesium Sulfate Fails to Improve Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes.

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 72 adults were involved.

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

This prospective, double-blind, within-patient randomized controlled trial enrolled 72 adults undergoing simultaneous bilateral primary TKA.

For each patient, one knee received an intra-articular cocktail with MgSO4, and the contralateral knee received the identical cocktail without MgSO4.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized and double-blind study.

Random assignment meant chance, not the researchers, decided who got Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc and who got the comparison, which limits bias.

As a double-blind Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study, the assignments were hidden from both participants and investigators until the end.

The first-operated knee (left or right) was independently randomized to balance order effects.

Baseline pain and function were assessed preoperatively in both knees.

Primary outcomes were numeric rating scale (0 to 10) scores for pain at rest (six, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and during motion (12, 24, 48, and 72 hours).

The secondary outcomes were range of motion and active straight-leg raise (24 to 72 hours).

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Magnesium Sulfate, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Range of Motion, Articular, Postoperative Pain, Injections, Intra-Articular, Analgesics and Pain Measurement.

The authors tagged it with the keywords intra-articular injection, magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)), multimodal pain management and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized and double-blind study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 72 adults.

Its findings take up roughly 5 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2026 (The Journal of arthroplasty), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.