Association between vitamin D status and bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

What It Covers

This meta-analysis looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

To systematically evaluate the association between VD status and BV in non-pregnant women of reproductive age, and to assess the effect of VD supplementation on BV outcomes.

Why It Was Studied

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis in women of reproductive age, and vitamin D (VD) has been implicated in mucosal immune regulation.

Who the Included Studies Covered

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were adults, women only.

Observational studies and intervention trials reporting VD status and BV outcomes in non-pregnant reproductive-age women were eligible.

Random-effects meta-analysis with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation and Hartung-Knapp adjustment was performed.

How the Review Was Done

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched from inception through January 2025.

Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and Cochran Q statistics.

Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were pre-specified by geographic region, VDD cutoff, BV diagnostic method, and risk of bias.

What Was Measured

PubMed files the paper under topics including Vaginosis, Bacterial, Vitamin D and Vitamin D Deficiency.

Author keywords: Bacterial vaginosis, Meta-analysis, Non-pregnant women, Systematic review and Vaginal microbiome.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a meta-analysis of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Its findings take up roughly 10 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2026 (European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology), a journal based in Ireland.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.