Osteoprotegerin is strongly associated with calcium and magnesium in seminal fluid but not affected by denosumab.

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in this randomized controlled trial publication.

While the effect of the RANKL-inhibitor denosumab on serum minerals is well-documented, its impact on seminal fluid minerals is poorly understood.

This study examines the correlation between the high levels of soluble-RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and minerals in seminal fluid and whether this can be influenced by denosumab.

Who Took Part

The abstract describes 100 men taking part.

By PubMed's age tags, the people studied were young adults and adults, men only.

Each man underwent a physical examination and semen analysis, including analysis of soluble RANKL, OPG, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate in the seminal fluid.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized and placebo-controlled study.

Because people in this Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc study were split into groups at random, differences between the groups are less likely to reflect who happened to join each one.

A placebo (an inactive look-alike) gave the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc group a baseline to be compared against.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Osteoprotegerin, Denosumab, Calcium, Semen, Magnesium, Infertility, Male and RANK Ligand.

Author keywords: Minerals, Randomized controlled trial, Seminal OPG and sRANKL.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized and placebo-controlled study of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc in 100 men.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 5 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2026 (Journal of endocrinological investigation), a journal based in Italy.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.