Cup-To-Disc Ratio in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

What Was Tested

The paper reports a study of Glucagon, published as an observational study.

To determine whether the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) of patients with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) -associated nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is similar to the CDR of patients with NAION without GLP-1 RA exposure and to stratify the odds of developing NAION based on CDR.

Why It Was Studied

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Who Took Part

The abstract describes 2169 patients taking part.

PubMed indexes the participants as middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

The Disc-at-Risk Study Group included 16 neuro-ophthalmology centers that reviewed medical records of 1812 unaffected fellow eyes from 2169 consecutive patients with NAION.

The control group included both eyes of 465 patients.

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a multicenter study.

Running at several centres spread the Glucagon study over different clinics and patient groups.

A retrospective, multicenter, case-control study of the CDR of NAION cases diagnosed between 2018 and 2024.

The study compared the unaffected fellow eyes of 3 groups of patients with NAION: semaglutide users (117 eyes), nonsemaglutide GLP-1 RA users (83 eyes), and No GLP-1 RA medications (1612 eyes).

Control eyes defined the distribution of CDR in the general population.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Case-Control Studies, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Optic Disk, Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic, Semaglutide, Tomography, Optical Coherence and Visual Fields.

The authors tagged it with the keywords Cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), GLP-1 RA and Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a multicenter study of Glucagon in 2169 patients.

With several hundred people or more, it is a fairly large study for this kind of research.

The abstract goes on to report its results in about 10 sentences; this page does not restate them, so read the paper for the findings and their limits.

The publication is from 2026 (Ophthalmology), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Glucagon compound page, all human trials.