Beyond Bone Health: Exploring the "Heart-Brain-Bone" Axis Modulated by Lipid-Soluble Nutrients (Omega-3, Vitamin D3, and Vitamin K2).

What It Covers

This review looks at Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Population aging is driving a convergent rise in three disorders historically managed in isolation: cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive decline, and osteoporotic bone loss.

Mechanistic data indicate that these systems are coupled through shared regulators of calcium trafficking, inflammation resolution, vascular integrity, and inflammaging.

Who the Included Studies Covered

PubMed tags the participants as women only.

Records were screened against prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria by two authors independently, with disagreements resolved by a third.

How the Review Was Done

The researchers performed a structured narrative review.

PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to 25 June 2026 using predefined term blocks for each nutrient, each organ domain, and each candidate mechanism, and the search was updated on 7 August 2026.

The strength of evidence for each nutrient-organ relationship was graded with an explicitly defined four-level scheme ((-) to (+++)) applied separately to preclinical, observational, randomized and meta-analytic evidence.

What Was Measured

The subject headings attached to it are Vitamin K 2, Cholecalciferol, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Bone and Bones, Matrix Gla Protein, Osteocalcin and Brain.

The authors tagged it with the keywords Heart–Brain–Bone axis, bone mineralization, inflammaging, narrative review, omega-3 fatty acids and specialized pro-resolving mediators.

What This Means in Plain Language

This is a review of Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc.

Results are reported in around 8 sentences of the abstract; we leave them to the paper itself rather than summarise them.

The publication is from 2026 (Nutrients), a journal based in Switzerland.

More context: the Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium and Zinc compound page, all human trials.