Effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on markers of endothelial function in persons with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial

What Was Tested

Researchers studied Semaglutide in this randomized controlled trial publication.

The endothelium maintains vascular health by regulating blood flow and protecting against inflammatory damage.

This post-hoc analysis explores the effects of these agents on markers of endothelial function, i.e. the reactive hyperaemic index (RHI) and the endothelial-derived cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E-Selectin, ICAM-1, P-Selectin, and VCAM-1.

Who Took Part

PubMed indexes the participants as middle-aged adults and older adults, both men and women.

One hundred and twenty participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 50 were randomized to four groups (semaglutide, empagliflozin, the combination or placebo).

How the Study Was Run

The researchers set it up as a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study.

The participants were allocated by chance, so the Semaglutide group and the comparison group should start out alike.

Blinding on both sides kept the participants and researchers unaware of who received Semaglutide.

A placebo (an inactive look-alike) gave the Semaglutide group a baseline to be compared against.

This was a post-hoc analysis of a 32-week randomized trial evaluating the separate and combined effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on cardio-renal organ damage.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Benzhydryl Compounds, Biomarkers, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, E-Selectin, Endothelium, Vascular and Glucagon-Like Peptides.

The authors tagged it with the keywords Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease, Endothelial function, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor and Type 2 diabetes.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of Semaglutide.

Its findings take up roughly 6 sentences of the abstract and are left out here on purpose; the source paper is the place to read them.

The publication is from 2026 (Journal of diabetes and its complications), a journal based in United States.

More context: the Semaglutide compound page, all human trials.