Sensitivity to CCK-4 in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) during their follicular and luteal phases

What Was Tested

This randomized controlled trial paper looks at Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the context of pmdd (premenstrual dysphoric disorder).

The authors determined whether women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) exhibit a heightened sensitivity to the panicogenic effects of CCK-4 administration and whether this enhanced sensitivity to CCK-4 would vary with the phase of the menstrual cycle at the time of CCK-4 injection.

Twenty-one normal controls and 18 PMDD women were randomly assigned to receive the first and second CCK-4 injection during the follicular phase and the luteal phase or vice versa.

Who Took Part

According to the abstract, 18 women were involved.

The age groups tagged for this paper are adults, women only.

How the Study Was Run

In design terms this was a randomized and crossover study.

Because people in this Cholecystokinin (CCK) study were split into groups at random, differences between the groups are less likely to reflect who happened to join each one.

Each person switched between Cholecystokinin (CCK) and the comparison at some point, usually with a gap in between.

What Was Measured

Topics PubMed links to this paper include Anxiety, Follicular Phase, Hormones, Luteal Phase, Panic, Premenstrual Syndrome and Tetragastrin.

What This Means in Plain Language

The paper is a randomized and crossover study of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in 18 women in people with pmdd (premenstrual dysphoric disorder).

With fewer than 40 people, it is a small study, so it is better read as an early signal for further research than as a settled answer.

The publication is from 1999 (Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology), a journal based in England.

More context: the Cholecystokinin (CCK) compound page, PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) research.