Home › Peptides A to Z › ExenatideWhat is Exenatide? A 39-amino-acid GLP-1 receptor agonist first identified in Gila monster venom; sold as Byetta and Bydureon for type 2 diabetes.
Exenatide in the library · Metabolic & Weight Peptides · Human Trials · What are peptides?
313 registered trials · 462 indexed papers · 633 human / 46 animal studies
From the PeptideWhiz library entry. "As described" sections summarize claims made in the sources; they are not PeptideWhiz endorsements.
What it is A 39-amino-acid GLP-1 receptor agonist first identified in Gila monster venom; sold as Byetta and Bydureon for type 2 diabetes.
Type: GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide.
Definition (National Library of Medicine) “A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases cyclic amp levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.”
Human research The registered human trials and peer-reviewed human studies linked below are listed from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. A study is linked only when Exenatide is one of its interventions, or is named in the study title or subject headings.
Listing a study does not mean it showed a benefit, and it is not medical advice.
Registered human trials (313) Peer-reviewed studies (462) Paper Authors Journal Year Type Glucose-lowering in type 2 diabetes may be mediated by improved proinsulin processing without better β-cell compensation Retnakaran R et al. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Association of GLP-1 receptor agonists with alcohol use disorder-related and substance use disorder-related hospital admissions during treatment and after discontinuation: a Swedish register-based within-individual observational study Bach P et al. The lancet. Psychiatry 2026 Observational Study A validated, modifiable proteomic score from the EXSCEL trial predicts cardiovascular events in diabetes Corey KM et al. JCI insight 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist vs. Placebo and Pulmonary Decline After Open-Heart Surgery: A Substudy of the GLORIOUS Randomised Clinical Trial Mikkelsen AD et al. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Comparison of Specific Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Kidney Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Neumiller JJ et al. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2026 Observational Study Effects of insulin and exenatide therapy on glycemic control and β-cell function in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia Wu TH et al. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Serial assessment of NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights from EXSCEL Kittipibul V et al. American heart journal 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Muscle atrophy associated with glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists: A population-based observational study Kwan ATH et al. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2026 Observational Study Exenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin Parikh M et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial An experimental medicine protocol for exploring the haemodynamic effects of dual agonism at the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor in healthy subjects Goodman J et al. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Risk of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Routine Clinical Practice: Comparative Effectiveness of Semaglutide, Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, and Exenatide Barkmeier AJ et al. Ophthalmology. Retina 2026 Observational Study Effects of acute GLP-1 analogue infusion on the glycemic and neurohormonal responses to meal test in non- hypoglycemic subjects after gastric bypass Almby KE et al. Endocrine 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Impact of changes in conventional risk factors induced by once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes: an EXSCEL post hoc analysis Coleman RL et al. Cardiovascular diabetology 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Trends in glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist prescribing patterns Ukhanova M et al. The American journal of managed care 2025 Observational Study Proteomic pathways across the ejection fraction spectrum in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus: an EXSCEL trial substudy Peters AE et al. Scientific reports 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Exenatide for diagnosing endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over proof-of-principle study Hepprich M et al. European journal of endocrinology 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Exenatide Once Weekly in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple System Atrophy Vijiaratnam N et al. Annals of neurology 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on pro-inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in individuals with alcohol use disorder: Post hoc results from a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial Hviid MEB et al. Alcohol, clinical & experimental research 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Changes in β-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity During Treatment With Dapagliflozin Alone or in Combination With Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Triplitt C et al. Diabetes care 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Exenatide and glucagon co-infusion increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves markers of diastolic dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes Goodman J et al. Scientific reports 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Noninvasive Diagnosis of Insulinoma Using [18F]FB(ePEG12)12-Exendin-4 PET/CT Murakami T et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2025 Clinical Trial, Phase II Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Exenatide in Patients Undergoing CABG or Aortic Valve Replacement: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial Kjaergaard J et al. Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Comparison of PET/CT using (68)Ga-NOTA-Exendin-4 with (68)Ga-DOTATATE, (18)F-FDG, and conventional imaging in the localization of insulinomas Yu H et al. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2025 Observational Study A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of exenatide for the treatment of olanzapine-related weight gain in obese and overweight adults Patino LR et al. Journal of affective disorders 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Risk factors for bone fractures in type 2 diabetes and the impact of once-weekly exenatide: insights from an EXSCEL post-hoc analysis Maddaloni E et al. Diabetes research and clinical practice 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Blood phosphatidylethanol measurements indicate GLP-1 receptor stimulation causes delayed decreases in alcohol consumption Jensen ME et al. Alcohol, clinical & experimental research 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Exenatide once a week versus placebo as a potential disease-modifying treatment for people with Parkinson's disease in the UK: a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial Vijiaratnam N et al. Lancet (London, England) 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Exploring Predictors of Treatment Response to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Smoking Cessation Yammine L et al. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Osteoprotegerin, Osteopontin, and Osteocalcin Are Associated With Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From EXSCEL Maddaloni E et al. Diabetes care 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Cardiovascular outcomes with exenatide in type 2 diabetes according to ejection fraction: The EXSCEL trial Neves JS et al. European journal of heart failure 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial
More cited research Adherence and persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dulaglutide compared with semaglutide and exenatide BCise: 6-month follow-up from US re (2021, human observational)Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide, Exenatide ER, Liraglutide and Lixisenatide: A Cost-Effectiveness An (2019, human observational)Molecular cloning of the helodermin and exendin-4 cDNAs in the lizard. Relationship to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating (1998, human observational)A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity (None, human RCT)The novel GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonist DA5-CH is superior to tirzepatide and exendin-4 in the 6-OHDA Parkinson rat model (2026, animal)Exenatide inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer Ishikawa xenografts in nude mice (2016, animal)Exendin-4 alleviates high glucose-induced rat mesangial cell dysfunction through the AMPK pathway (2014, animal)Isolation and characterization of exendin-4, an exendin-3 analogue, from Heloderma suspectum venom. Further evidence for an exendin receptor on dispersed acini (1992, animal)Conditions researched Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease & high blood pressure Chronic and systemic inflammation Cognition, focus & brain performance Concussion, traumatic brain injury & stroke recovery Delayed gastric emptying on GLP-1 medicines Dementia, Alzheimer's & cognitive decline Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition Fatty liver & elevated liver enzymes Female fertility Gallbladder and gallstones Gut: IBD (Crohn's, colitis), leaky gut, IBS & ulcers Heart repair: after heart attack, heart failure & enlarged heart High cholesterol and statins Immune system (general) Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney) Lung health, asthma & COPD Muscle gain, sarcopenia & building muscle after 40 Neuropathy and CRPS Osteoporosis and bone density Pancreatitis (after the acute phase) Parkinson's disease PCOS Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety notes Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis Sleep apnea (obstructive) Sleep problems (incl. insomnia on peptides) Thyroid problems Related compounds FAQ What is Exenatide? A 39-amino-acid GLP-1 receptor agonist first identified in Gila monster venom; sold as Byetta and Bydureon for type 2 diabetes.
How many registered human trials study Exenatide? The PeptideWhiz trial index lists 313 registered trials for Exenatide, the most recent from 2026.
How much published research exists on Exenatide? The PeptideWhiz paper index links 462 PubMed papers to Exenatide; by study type, 633 human and 46 animal studies.
Which conditions is Exenatide researched for? Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease & high blood pressure, Chronic and systemic inflammation, Cognition, focus & brain performance, Concussion, traumatic brain injury & stroke recovery, Delayed gastric emptying on GLP-1 medicines, Dementia, Alzheimer's & cognitive decline, Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition, Fatty liver & elevated liver enzymes, Female fertility, Gallbladder and gallstones, Gut: IBD (Crohn's, colitis), leaky gut, IBS & ulcers, Heart repair: after heart attack, heart failure & enlarged heart, High cholesterol and statins, Immune system (general), Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes, Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney), Lung health, asthma & COPD, Muscle gain, sarcopenia & building muscle after 40, Neuropathy and CRPS, Osteoporosis and bone density, Pancreatitis (after the acute phase), Parkinson's disease, PCOS, Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery, Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety notes, Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, Sleep apnea (obstructive), Sleep problems (incl. insomnia on peptides), Thyroid problems.
Research and education only. Not medical advice. No dosing guidance. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and PubMed via the PeptideWhiz index (204,289 studies).
Reported dosing ranges from research