What is Insulin (regular human)?

The 51-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose; this page covers regular (short-acting) insulin studied in human trials.

Insulin (regular human) in the library · · Human Trials · What are peptides?

440 registered trials · 305 indexed papers · 6750 human / 1745 animal studies

From the PeptideWhiz library entry. "As described" sections summarize claims made in the sources; they are not PeptideWhiz endorsements.

What it is

The 51-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose; this page covers regular (short-acting) insulin studied in human trials.

Type: Peptide hormone.

Definition (National Library of Medicine)

“A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis) and indirectly by suppressing glucagon secretion and lipolysis. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus, type 1).”

  • MeSH: Insulin

Human research

The registered human trials and peer-reviewed human studies linked below are listed from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. A study is linked only when Insulin (regular human) is one of its interventions, or is named in the study title or subject headings.

Listing a study does not mean it showed a benefit, and it is not medical advice.

Registered human trials (440)

TrialPhaseStatusYearEnrolled
Dose Response Study of Transdermal Human Insulin in PatientsPhase 2/Phase 3not yet recruiting202730
Human Models of Selective Insulin Resistance: Pancreatic ClampPhase 1not yet recruiting202736
Interplay of Central and Peripheral Vascular Effects of Insulin in ObesityEARLY_Phase 1not yet recruiting202664
Peripheral Vascular Effects of Insulin in ObesityEARLY_Phase 1not yet recruiting202664
Restoring Vascular and Insulin Function To Augment Anti-Amyloid Therapy in Alzheimer's DiseasePhase 2not yet recruiting202630
Sleep Loss and Circadian Misalignment - Mechanisms of Insulin ResistancePhase 4recruiting202648
Safety and Feasibility of Intranasal Insulin in Patients With Spinal Cord InjuryPhase 1recruiting202612
Delayed Versus Early Antihyperglycemic Treatment for Severe StrokePhase 2recruiting2026200
Local Application of Insulin Versus Hyaluronic Acid in Stage III PeriodontitisEARLY_Phase 1recruiting202645
Open-Label Study of Dimethyl Fumarate in Adults With Type 1 DiabetesPhase 2/Phase 3recruiting202696
Bioavailability, Biopotency and Food Effect Study of SCD0503 Compared to Subcutaneous Regular Human InsulinPhase 1recruiting202616
Effects of Cofrogliptin on Beta-Cell Function in LADA Patientsnot yet recruiting202684
Permissive Versus Strict Intrapartum Glucose Management in Type 1 Diabetes (PRISM-T1D)Phase 4recruiting202644
A Single Bolus, 12-hour Euglycemic Clamp Study of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Glucodynamics (GD) of Intraperitoneal (IP) Portal Insulin U-500Phase 1recruiting202625
Postoperative Insulin Intervention After Pancreatectomy in nDM Patientsnot yet recruiting2026290
Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin or Semaglutide in Overweight/Obese Patients With Type 1 DiabetesPhase 2completed2025114
Efficacy of Topical Insulin Gel as a Coupling Medium in Phonophoresis-Assisted Physiotherapy vs Liposomal Insulin in Management of Joint InflammationPhase 1completed202560
Topical Insulin for Ocular Surface Interface in Dry Eye DiseasePhase 4completed2025128
Modeling Ketosis-Prone Diabetes Remission Via Diverse Mechanisms of GlucotoxicityPhase 4recruiting202512
Antidiabetic Medications and Risk of Cancercompleted202574799
A Study of GS3-007a for Oral Suspension in the Diagnosis of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD)Phase 2terminated2025120
Physical Activity and Insulin Sensitivity Dynamicsrecruiting20258
Effect of Intraperitoneal Insulin Administration After Laparoscopy in Insulin-Resistant Patients on Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion Recurrence: A Randomized Controlled Trialnot yet recruiting2025100
Various Procedural Treatment Options for Post-acne Atrophic ScarsPhase 2not yet recruiting202560
DECIDE: A Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Metformin Versus Insulin for the Treatment of Gestational DiabetesPhase 4recruiting20241572
Comparing Efficacy of Autologous Serum Eye Drops With and Without Insulin in Autoimmune Dry Eye.Phase 3completed202425
Regional Lipolysis Insulin RegulationEARLY_Phase 1recruiting202448
Effect of Topical Insulin on Healing Rate of Pemphigus LesionsPhase 2completed202420
Investigating Brain Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer Disease with IntraNasal Insulin : a Multimodal Neuroimaging Studywithdrawn2024
GDM: Insulin with or Without Metformin?Phase 4recruiting2024130
Effects of Topical Insulin on Corneal Epithelium Healing After Corneal Crosslinking in Patients With KeratoconusPhase 3recruiting202436
Strict Versus Permissive Thresholds for Initiation of Pharmacotherapy in Gestational Diabetes (START 2)recruiting2024430
Strict Versus Permissive Thresholds for Initiation of Pharmacotherapy in Gestational Diabetesrecruiting2024430
Dexamethasone/Pancreatic Clamp P&FPhase 1withdrawn2024
Frexalimab in Preservation of Endogenous Insulin Secretion Compared to Placebo in Adults, Adolescents and Children on Top of Insulin Therapy (FABULINUS)Phase 2active not recruiting2023197
Topical Insulin Dressing on Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcerscompleted202330
Pancreatic Clamp in NAFLDPhase 1completed202318
Insulin and Abatacept in Recently-diagnosed Type 1 DiabetesPhase 2completed202368
5 Versus [amount hidden] of Insulin in Hyperkalemia ManagementPhase 4completed2023384
Comparative Efficacy of a Two Daily Mixed Insulin Injection Versus a Basal-bolus Scheme With Human InsulinPhase 4completed202322

Peer-reviewed studies (305)

PaperAuthorsJournalYearType
Comparison of Intravenous Regular Insulin Dosing Strategies in Adults With Acute HyperkalemiaO'Shea M et al.Journal of pharmacy practice2026Observational Study
[Prevalence of hypophosphatemia in children with diabetic ketoacidosis and treatment with subcutaneous regular insulin. Observational study]Sanluis Fenelli G et al.Andes pediatrica : revista Chilena de pediatria2024Observational Study
Comparing Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Blood Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Inadequately Controlled, Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes (Steno2tech Study): A 12-Month, Single-Center, Randomized Controlled TrialLind N et al.Diabetes care2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Lived Experience of Fully Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Adults with Type 1 DiabetesLakshman R et al.Diabetes technology & therapeutics2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Exploring Factors That Influence Postexercise Glycemia in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes in the Real World: The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) StudySherr JL et al.Diabetes care2024Observational Study
Outcomes associated with a variable rate insulin infusion diabetic ketoacidosis protocolKoneshamoorthy A et al.Journal of diabetes and its complications2024Observational Study
Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Metrics and Hypoglycemia Duration in Insulin-Experienced Individuals With Long-standing Type 2 Diabetes Switched From a Daily Basal Insulin to Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec: Post Hoc Analysis of ONWARDS 2 and ONWARDS 4Bajaj HS et al.Diabetes care2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Insulin resistance prior to term age in very low birthweight infants: a prospective studyZamir I et al.BMJ paediatrics open2024Observational Study
IDegLira for the real-world treatment of type 2 diabetes in Italy. Final results from the REX observational studyFadini GP et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2024Observational Study
Home Insulin Pump Use in Hospitalized Children With Type 1 DiabetesOwens J et al.JAMA network open2024Observational Study
Chronic Insufficient Sleep in Women Impairs Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Adiposity Changes: Results of a Randomized TrialZuraikat FM et al.Diabetes care2024Randomized Controlled Trial
The Acute Effects of Real-World Physical Activity on Glycemia in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) StudyRiddell MC et al.Diabetes care2024Observational Study
Should people with type 2 diabetes treated by multiple daily insulin injections with home health care support be switched to hybrid closed-loop? The CLOSE AP+ randomized controlled trialReznik Y et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Beneficial effects of automated insulin delivery over one-year follow-up in real life for youths and adults with type 1 diabetes irrespective of patient characteristicsHenry Z et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2024Observational Study
Randomized Trial of the Insulin-Only iLet Bionic Pancreas for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis- Related DiabetesSherwood JS et al.Diabetes care2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Treatment responses to basal insulin glargine 300 U/ml and glargine 100 U/ml in newly defined subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the EDITION 3 randomized clinical trialLandgraf W et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Real-World Use of Control-IQ Technology Is Associated with a Lower Rate of Severe Hypoglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Than Historical Data: Results of the Control-IQ Observational (CLIO) Prospective StudyGraham R et al.Diabetes technology & therapeutics2024Observational Study
The Use of Rescue Insulin in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)Hollander PA et al.Diabetes care2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Feasibility and Preliminary Safety of Smartphone-Based Automated Insulin Delivery in Adolescents and Children With Type 1 DiabetesDeshpande S et al.Journal of diabetes science and technology2024Clinical Trial
The Effectiveness of Superbolus on Postprandial Blood Glucose Management of Pregnant Women With Type 1 DiabetesPintaudi B et al.Journal of diabetes science and technology2024Observational Study
Metformin Plus Insulin for Preexisting Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes in Early Pregnancy: The MOMPOD Randomized Clinical TrialBoggess KA et al.JAMA2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Use of Voice-Based Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Basal Insulin Prescription Management Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical TrialNayak A et al.JAMA network open2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Charitable medication distribution improves care for uninsured patients with diabetesHughes J et al.The American journal of managed care2023Observational Study
Incidence rate and risk factors for hypoglycemia among individuals with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes in China receiving insulin treatmentChen S et al.Diabetes research and clinical practice2023Observational Study
A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Postpartum in Type 1 DiabetesDonovan LE et al.Diabetes care2023Randomized Controlled Trial
High incidence of skin reactions secondary to the use of adhesives in glucose sensors or insulin pumps for the treatment of children with type 1 diabetesGenève P et al.Diabetes research and clinical practice2023Observational Study
Continuous glucose monitoring metrics and pregnancy outcomes in insulin-treated diabetes: A post-hoc analysis of the GlucoMOMS trialRademaker D et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence of Gan & Lee insulin analogues aspart (rapilin®), lispro (prandilin®) and glargine (basalin®) with EU- und US-sourced reference insulinsChen W et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and Efficacy of Sustained Automated Insulin Delivery Compared With Sensor and Pump Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes at High Risk for Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Controlled TrialRenard E et al.Diabetes care2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Which people with diabetes are treated with a disposable, half-unit insulin pen? A real-world, retrospective, database study in SpainAmpudia-Blasco FJ et al.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2023Observational Study

More cited research

Conditions researched

Related compounds

FAQ

What is Insulin (regular human)?

The 51-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose; this page covers regular (short-acting) insulin studied in human trials.

How many registered human trials study Insulin (regular human)?

The PeptideWhiz trial index lists 440 registered trials for Insulin (regular human), the most recent from 2027.

How much published research exists on Insulin (regular human)?

The PeptideWhiz paper index links 305 PubMed papers to Insulin (regular human); by study type, 6750 human and 1745 animal studies.

Which conditions is Insulin (regular human) researched for?

Anti-aging & longevity, Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease & high blood pressure, Chronic and systemic inflammation, Delayed gastric emptying on GLP-1 medicines, Dementia, Alzheimer's & cognitive decline, Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition, Fatty liver & elevated liver enzymes, Gallbladder and gallstones, Hashimoto's (autoimmune thyroid), Heart repair: after heart attack, heart failure & enlarged heart, Herpes (HSV) and cold sores, High cholesterol and statins, High ferritin and iron overload, Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes, Lipomas, Lupus (SLE), Lymphedema and swelling, Menopause & perimenopause, Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), Migraine, Mitochondrial dysfunction, Multiple sclerosis, PCOS, Sleep apnea (obstructive), Acne, Carpal tunnel, Cognition, focus & brain performance, Concussion, traumatic brain injury & stroke recovery, Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, Eyes: macular degeneration & retinal health, Female fertility, Gum disease (periodontal) & oral health, Immune system (general), Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney), Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension, Lung health, asthma & COPD, Muscle gain, sarcopenia & building muscle after 40, Osteoporosis and bone density, Pancreatitis (after the acute phase), Parkinson's disease, Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery, Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety notes, Sexual function & libido (women and men), Skin, hair loss, wounds & mast-cell/histamine reactivity, Sleep problems (incl. insomnia on peptides).

Research and education only. Not medical advice. No dosing guidance. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and PubMed via the PeptideWhiz index (204,289 studies).