What is PT-141 (Bremelanotide)?

A melanocortin (MC4R) agonist that acts on arousal centers in the brain.

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PT-141 (Bremelanotide) in the library · · Human Trials · What are peptides?

10 registered trials · 14 indexed papers · 40 human / 9 animal studies

From the PeptideWhiz library entry. "As described" sections summarize claims made in the sources; they are not PeptideWhiz endorsements.

What it is

A melanocortin (MC4R) agonist that acts on arousal centers in the brain. It is not a blood-flow drug and works in both men and women without going through hormones.

Registered human trials (10)

Trial	Phase	Status	Year	Enrolled
Single Dose of Vyleesi in Lactating Female Subjects to Measure the Concentration of Bremelanotide in Breast Milk	Phase 4	completed	2025	10
A Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Co-Administration of Bremelanotide With Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obesity	Phase 2	active not recruiting	2024	108
A Phase IIb, Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study of Bremelanotide in Diabetic Kidney Disease	Phase 2	completed	2022	16
A Phase 3, Bridging, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (With or Without Decreased Arousal)	Phase 3	completed	2021	193
Role of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder	Phase 4	completed	2019	40
Study to Evaluate Rate of Nausea in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects Treated With Single Dose of Bremelanotide Alone or With Zofran	Phase 1	completed	2019	228
2. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder	Phase 3	completed	2015	714
1. Study to Evaluate the Efficacy/Safety of Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder	Phase 3	completed	2014	723
Bremelanotide in Premenopausal Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and/or Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder	Phase 2	completed	2011	612
Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide in Women With Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD)	Phase 2	completed	2006

Peer-reviewed studies (14)

Paper	Authors	Journal	Year	Type
Prespecified and Integrated Subgroup Analyses from the RECONNECT Phase 3 Studies of Bremelanotide	Simon JA et al.	Journal of women's health (2002)	2022	Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety Profile of Bremelanotide Across the Clinical Development Program	Clayton AH et al.	Journal of women's health (2002)	2022	Randomized Controlled Trial
The Patient Experience of Premenopausal Women Treated with Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: RECONNECT Exit Study Results	Koochaki P et al.	Journal of women's health (2002)	2021	Randomized Controlled Trial
Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials	Kingsberg SA et al.	Obstetrics and gynecology	2019	Randomized Controlled Trial
Responder Analyses from a Phase 2b Dose-Ranging Study of Bremelanotide	Althof S et al.	The journal of sexual medicine	2019	Randomized Controlled Trial
Phase I Randomized Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Bremelanotide Coadministered With Ethanol in Healthy Male and Female Participants	Clayton AH et al.	Clinical therapeutics	2017	Randomized Controlled Trial
Usefulness of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the melanocortin receptor agonist bremelanotide	White WB et al.	Journal of hypertension	2017	Randomized Controlled Trial
Bremelanotide for female sexual dysfunctions in premenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled dose-finding trial	Clayton AH et al.	Women's health (London, England)	2016	Randomized Controlled Trial
Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study	Safarinejad MR et al.	The Journal of urology	2008	Randomized Controlled Trial
An effect on the subjective sexual response in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder by bremelanotide (PT-141), a melanocortin receptor agonist	Diamond LE et al.	The journal of sexual medicine	2006	Randomized Controlled Trial
Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response	Diamond LE et al.	Urology	2005	Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra	Rosen RC et al.	International journal of impotence research	2004	Randomized Controlled Trial
Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction	Diamond LE et al.	International journal of impotence research	2004	Randomized Controlled Trial
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction	Molinoff PB et al.	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences	2003	Clinical Trial

More cited research

Should Bremelanotide Be Considered for the Treatment of Sexual Arousal and Desire Disorders in Men? (2026, human observational)
Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials (2022, human RCT)
Failure of a Meta-analysis: A Commentary on Glen Spielmans's "Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for 'Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women'" (2021, human observational)
LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancin (2021, human observational)
Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (2025, animal)
Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function (2007, animal)
A biodegradable suction patch for sustainable transbuccal peptide delivery (2025, animal)
Pharmacological profiling of neuropeptides on rabbit vaginal wall and vaginal artery smooth muscle in vitro (2008, animal)

Conditions researched

Related compounds

FAQ

What is PT-141 (Bremelanotide)?

A melanocortin (MC4R) agonist that acts on arousal centers in the brain.

How many registered human trials study PT-141 (Bremelanotide)?

The PeptideWhiz trial index lists 10 registered trials for PT-141 (Bremelanotide), the most recent from 2025.

How much published research exists on PT-141 (Bremelanotide)?

The PeptideWhiz paper index links 14 PubMed papers to PT-141 (Bremelanotide); by study type, 40 human and 9 animal studies.

Which conditions is PT-141 (Bremelanotide) researched for?

Sexual function & libido (women and men), Menopause & perimenopause, Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition, Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney).

Research and education only. Not medical advice. No dosing guidance. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and PubMed via the PeptideWhiz index (204,289 studies).

Reported dosing ranges from research