What is Oxyntomodulin?

A natural 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors; the model for the newer GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists.

Oxyntomodulin in the library · Metabolic & Weight Peptides · Human Trials · What are peptides?

4 registered trials · 33 indexed papers · 70 human / 23 animal studies

From the PeptideWhiz library entry. "As described" sections summarize claims made in the sources; they are not PeptideWhiz endorsements.

What it is

Oxyntomodulin is described as a proglucagon-derived peptide released from intestinal L-cells after meals (Holst, 1997).

Survodutide, mazdutide, pemvidutide and cotadutide are engineered long-acting drugs built on its dual action; they have their own pages.

Mechanism (as described)

  • It activates GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, reducing appetite and increasing energy use (Gasbjerg et al., 2026).

Evidence (as described)

  • Native oxyntomodulin lasts minutes in the blood, so most human work uses infusions or analogs. Appetite physiology is reviewed by Hong et al., 2024.

Status

Not an approved medicine.

Registered human trials (4)

Peer-reviewed studies (33)

PaperAuthorsJournalYearType
Effects of acute moderate-intensity continuous running on circulating oxyntomodulin concentrations in healthy men and womenJin Z et al.Appetite2026Randomized Controlled Trial
Coated glucose microbeads stimulate enteric hormone release and improve glucose tolerance in Phase 1 and 2 clinical trialsDeusch K et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2025Randomized Controlled Trial
Combined agonism of nutrient receptors GPR40 and GPR119 with K-757 and K-833 results in weight loss and blood pressure reductions in obese subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitusCrutchlow M et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2025Randomized Controlled Trial
Regulation of proglucagon derived peptides by carbohydrate and protein ingestion in young healthy males-A randomized, double-blind, cross-over trialSkarmaliorakis I et al.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2025Randomized Controlled Trial
Response to lowering plasma glucose is characterised by decreased oxyntomodulin: Results from a randomised controlled trialLiu Y et al.Diabetes & metabolic syndrome2024Randomized Controlled Trial
Tripeptide gut hormone infusion does not alter food preferences or sweet taste function in volunteers with obesity and prediabetes/diabetes but promotes restraint eating: A secondary analysis of a randomized single-blind placebo-controlled studyBehary P et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2023Randomized Controlled Trial
Circulating levels of five proglucagon-derived peptides in response to intravenous or oral glucose or lipids and to a mixed-meal in subjects with normal weight, overweight, and obesityPerakakis N et al.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2022Clinical Trial
Methods paper: Performance characteristics of novel assays for circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides and validation in a placebo controlled cross-over randomized clinical trialPerakakis N et al.Metabolism: clinical and experimental2022Randomized Controlled Trial
The Metabolomic Effects of Tripeptide Gut Hormone Infusion Compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Caloric RestrictionJones B et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist JNJ-64565111 in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: A randomized dose-ranging studyDi Prospero NA et al.Clinical obesity2021Randomized Controlled Trial
Differential effects of bile acids on the postprandial secretion of gut hormones: a randomized crossover studyMcGlone ER et al.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2021Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide versus placebo treatment on circulating proglucagon-derived peptides that mediate improvements in body weight, insulin secretion and action: A randomized controlled trialKim SH et al.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism2021Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Oral Contraception and Lifestyle Modification on Incretins and TGF-ß Superfamily Hormones in PCOSShah A et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021Randomized Controlled Trial
The Mediterranean diet increases glucagon-like peptide 1 and oxyntomodulin compared with a vegetarian diet in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled cross-over trialDi Mauro A et al.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews2021Randomized Controlled Trial
Circulating levels of gastrointestinal hormones in response to the most common types of bariatric surgery and predictive value for weight loss over one year: Evidence from two independent trialsPerakakis N et al.Metabolism: clinical and experimental2019Clinical Trial
Combined GLP-1, Oxyntomodulin, and Peptide YY Improves Body Weight and Glycemia in Obesity and Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled StudyBehary P et al.Diabetes care2019Randomized Controlled Trial
Native Oxyntomodulin Has Significant Glucoregulatory Effects Independent of Weight Loss in Obese Humans With and Without Type 2 DiabetesShankar SS et al.Diabetes2018Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of a Subcutaneous Infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY on Energy Intake and Expenditure in Obese VolunteersTan T et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2017Randomized Controlled Trial
Oxyntomodulin analog and exendin-4 derivative lower plasma glucose in cattleThanThan S et al.Domestic animal endocrinology2017Randomized Controlled Trial
Postprandial effects of consuming a staggered meal on gut peptide and glycemic responses in obese women and menGriffith L et al.Obesity research & clinical practice2016Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP-1, and Combined Glucagon +GLP-1 Infusion on Food Intake, Appetite, and Resting Energy ExpenditureBagger JI et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2015Randomized Controlled Trial
Increased gut hormones and insulin sensitivity index following a 3-d intervention with a barley kernel-based product: a randomised cross-over study in healthy middle-aged subjectsNilsson AC et al.The British journal of nutrition2015Randomized Controlled Trial
Oxyntomodulin attenuates exendin-4-induced hypoglycemia in cattleThanThan S et al.Domestic animal endocrinology2013Clinical Trial
B-type natriuretic peptide modulates ghrelin, hunger, and satiety in healthy menVila G et al.Diabetes2012Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of abomasal glucose infusion on plasma concentrations of gut peptides in periparturient dairy cowsLarsen M et al.Journal of dairy science2010Randomized Controlled Trial
Rise of oxyntomodulin in response to oral glucose after gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetesLaferrère B et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2010Clinical Trial
PYY3-36 and oxyntomodulin can be additive in their effect on food intake in overweight and obese humansField BC et al.Diabetes2010Randomized Controlled Trial
Oxyntomodulin increases energy expenditure in addition to decreasing energy intake in overweight and obese humans: a randomised controlled trialWynne K et al.International journal of obesity (2005)2006Randomized Controlled Trial
Subcutaneous oxyntomodulin reduces body weight in overweight and obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trialWynne K et al.Diabetes2005Randomized Controlled Trial
Oxyntomodulin suppresses appetite and reduces food intake in humansCohen MA et al.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2003Randomized Controlled Trial

More cited research

Conditions researched

Related compounds

FAQ

What is Oxyntomodulin?

A natural 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors; the model for the newer GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists.

How many registered human trials study Oxyntomodulin?

The PeptideWhiz trial index lists 4 registered trials for Oxyntomodulin, the most recent from 2017.

How much published research exists on Oxyntomodulin?

The PeptideWhiz paper index links 33 PubMed papers to Oxyntomodulin; by study type, 70 human and 23 animal studies.

Which conditions is Oxyntomodulin researched for?

Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition, Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes, PCOS, Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery.

Research and education only. Not medical advice. No dosing guidance. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and PubMed via the PeptideWhiz index (204,289 studies).