Home › Peptides A to Z › GlucagonWhat is Glucagon? A 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose; used as a rescue medicine for severe low blood sugar and as a diagnostic aid.
Glucagon in the library · Metabolic & Weight Peptides · Human Trials · What are peptides?
160 registered trials · 1640 indexed papers · 4581 human / 969 animal studies
From the PeptideWhiz library entry. "As described" sections summarize claims made in the sources; they are not PeptideWhiz endorsements.
What it is A 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose; used as a rescue medicine for severe low blood sugar and as a diagnostic aid.
Type: Peptide hormone.
Definition (National Library of Medicine) “A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal glucagon-like peptides. Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes.”
Human research The registered human trials and peer-reviewed human studies linked below are listed from ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. A study is linked only when Glucagon is one of its interventions, or is named in the study title or subject headings.
Listing a study does not mean it showed a benefit, and it is not medical advice.
Registered human trials (160) Peer-reviewed studies (1640) Paper Authors Journal Year Type Understanding the Metabolic and Endocrine Effects of Macronutrient Boluses in the Context of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet: A Randomized Crossover Study Deru LS et al. Nutrients 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial High-animal protein and high-plant protein meals differentially alter postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations but not glucose homeostasis in people with overweight/obesity in a randomized, crossover, single-meal study Fappi A et al. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Acute TRPTI™ (oleoylethanolamide) supplementation enhances incretin hormone responses: a fixed-sequence crossover study Briskey D et al. Frontiers in endocrinology 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Effects of Pharmacological GIP Infusion on Insulin, Glucagon, and Cardiovascular Responses During Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Sun Y et al. Diabetes 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Survodutide Improves Biomarkers of Beta-Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Type 2 Diabetes or Living With Overweight/Obesity Ekinci EI et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Treatment With 9-mg Mazdutide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity: The GLORY-2 Randomized Clinical Trial Gao L et al. JAMA 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Effect of somatostatin receptor 2 antagonism on glucagon counterregulation during a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp in adult men and women with long-standing type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover phase 1 study Abitbol A et al. Diabetologia 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Partial restoration of counterregulatory circulating glucagon by dapagliflozin and low-dose glibenclamide in men with type 1 diabetes: in vitro studies and randomised clinical crossover trial Gao R et al. EBioMedicine 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial The Glucagonotropic Effect of GIP Is Negated During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Sørum NE et al. Diabetes 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Appetite regulation following energy restriction with almond-enriched vs. nut-free diets - a randomised controlled trial Carter S et al. Obesity research & clinical practice 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Excursions During a Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in Young and Lean South Asians Versus Europids Hoekx CA et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2026 Clinical Trial Intravenous Oxytocin Has no Effect on Ad Libitum Food Intake or Postprandial Plasma Glucose Concentrations in Individuals With Obesity: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study Gether IM et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Volagidemab, a Glucagon Receptor Antagonist, in Healthy Chinese and US Subjects Following Single Subcutaneous Administration Hu Z et al. Pharmaceutical research 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Performance of an automated insulin-glucagon delivery system versus automated insulin delivery system during challenging inpatient conditions. A single-blind randomised controlled crossover trial Ranjan AG et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Disrupted neurovascular-endocrine coupling in type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia Filip P et al. The Journal of clinical investigation 2026 Clinical Study Association between sleep disorders and alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin, and glucagon in patients with type 2 diabetes Song Z et al. Medicine 2026 Observational Study Exenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin Parikh M et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide reduces postprandial glucose excursions but does not protect from hypoglycaemia in persons with type 1 diabetes-A randomised placebo-controlled study Hoe B et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Hepatic steatosis in humans is associated with preserved glucagon action on amino acid metabolism Christie HE et al. The Journal of clinical investigation 2026 Clinical Trial Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) Kahn SE et al. Diabetes care 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes Zhu D et al. Nature 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial An experimental medicine protocol for exploring the haemodynamic effects of dual agonism at the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor in healthy subjects Goodman J et al. British journal of clinical pharmacology 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Enteroendocrine hormonal response after the ingestion of cola beverages with sucrose and non-nutritive sweeteners in healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial Galicia-Ayala C et al. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2026 Randomized Controlled Trial Effects of acute GLP-1 analogue infusion on the glycemic and neurohormonal responses to meal test in non- hypoglycemic subjects after gastric bypass Almby KE et al. Endocrine 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon After Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery Finn A et al. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2025 Clinical Trial Using glucagon receptor antagonism to evaluate the physiological effects of extrapancreatic glucagon in totally pancreatectomised individuals: a randomised controlled trial Juel CT et al. Diabetologia 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia during a hypoglycemic clamp in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide Pieber TR et al. Frontiers in endocrinology 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Mechanistic Insights Into Postprandial Insulin-Glucagon Interactions and Their Impact on Glucose Flux After Protein-Glucose Coingestion in Humans Dao GM et al. Diabetes 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Effects of Dorzagliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, on α- and β-Cell Function in Individuals With Impaired and Normal Glucose Tolerance Bai Z et al. Diabetes 2025 Randomized Controlled Trial Decreases in circulating ANGPTL3/8 concentrations following retatrutide treatment parallel reductions in serum lipids Wen Y et al. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism 2025 Clinical Trial, Phase II
More cited research A Descriptive Analysis from VigiAccess on Drug-related Problems Associated with the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (2026, human observational)Association of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use with Stroke and Mortality Outcomes in Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Propensity (2026, human observational)Auditable large language model curation of clinical notes refines glucagon-like peptide-1 initiation, persistence ascertainment, and compounding use beyond pres (2026, human observational)Early glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use after myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes (2026, human observational)A melanocortin 4- and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor multiple agonist for the treatment of diabetes and obesity (2026, animal)Influence of exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 on mechanisms of enteric neurotransmitter-mediated vasorelaxation in the isolated bovine mesenteric artery and ve (2026, animal)Renoprotective effects of tubular glucagon receptor activation mediated by V-ATPase (2026, animal)The Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Glucagon-like Peptide-2-Mediated Intestinal Lipid Handling (2026, animal)Conditions researched Anxiety and panic Delayed gastric emptying on GLP-1 medicines Fatty liver & elevated liver enzymes Gallbladder and gallstones Skin sensitivity and body aches on GLP-1 medicines Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes Sleep problems (incl. insomnia on peptides) Acid reflux and GERD Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease & high blood pressure Cognition, focus & brain performance Dementia, Alzheimer's & cognitive decline Endometriosis Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition Gut: IBD (Crohn's, colitis), leaky gut, IBS & ulcers Heart repair: after heart attack, heart failure & enlarged heart High cholesterol and statins High-demand jobs: military, fire, police, EMT (and combat-sport athletes) Hyperparathyroidism Immune system (general) Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney) Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension Lung health, asthma & COPD Lupus (SLE) Pancreatitis (after the acute phase) PCOS Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety notes Skin, hair loss, wounds & mast-cell/histamine reactivity Related compounds FAQ What is Glucagon? A 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose; used as a rescue medicine for severe low blood sugar and as a diagnostic aid.
How many registered human trials study Glucagon? The PeptideWhiz trial index lists 160 registered trials for Glucagon, the most recent from 2027.
How much published research exists on Glucagon? The PeptideWhiz paper index links 1640 PubMed papers to Glucagon; by study type, 4581 human and 969 animal studies.
Which conditions is Glucagon researched for? Anxiety and panic, Delayed gastric emptying on GLP-1 medicines, Fatty liver & elevated liver enzymes, Gallbladder and gallstones, Skin sensitivity and body aches on GLP-1 medicines, Insulin resistance, prediabetes & type 2 diabetes, Sleep problems (incl. insomnia on peptides), Acid reflux and GERD, Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease & high blood pressure, Cognition, focus & brain performance, Dementia, Alzheimer's & cognitive decline, Endometriosis, Fat loss, obesity & body recomposition, Gut: IBD (Crohn's, colitis), leaky gut, IBS & ulcers, Heart repair: after heart attack, heart failure & enlarged heart, High cholesterol and statins, High-demand jobs: military, fire, police, EMT (and combat-sport athletes), Hyperparathyroidism, Immune system (general), Kidney protection (CKD, diabetic kidney, lupus kidney), Low blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension, Lung health, asthma & COPD, Lupus (SLE), Pancreatitis (after the acute phase), PCOS, Post-surgical inflammation and surgery recovery, Pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety notes, Skin, hair loss, wounds & mast-cell/histamine reactivity.
Research and education only. Not medical advice. No dosing guidance. Data: ClinicalTrials.gov registry and PubMed via the PeptideWhiz index (204,289 studies).
Reported dosing ranges from research